GOA Vote Report-- 104th Congress (House)

www.gunowners.org
Nov 1997
Did Your Representative Support Your Gun Rights?

Those persons elected to Congress must be held accountable for their actions while in office. A major function of advocacy groups such as GOA is to make voting records available to members and supporters, because few people have the time to track down this information on their own.
Yet, it is imperative that individuals know how their rights are treated by those elected to represent them. This becomes particularly important when decisons must be made whether or not to continue to support a Member of Congress financially.
Actions truly speak louder than words. Below you will find descriptions of 14 votes by the House of Representatives, 104th Congress. Following that is a record of how every Member voted.

Keeping BATF from doing warrantless searches. On February 8, 1995, the House of Representatives voted 228-198 to pass an amendment introduced by Rep. Harold Volkmer (D-MO). The amendment would prevent the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) from conducting searches and seizures in violation of the Fourth Amendment. Under the provisions of H.R. 666, law enforcement officers will be able to conduct such searches if they act in "good faith". Rep. Volkmer defended his amendment saying without it, the bill will give the BATF a "green light" to conduct warrantless searches. A vote in favor of the Volkmer amendment is rated as a "+".

Keeping Feds from doing warrantless searches. On February 8, 1995, the House voted 289-142 to pass H.R. 666. As explained in the vote above, H.R. 666 allows officers to conduct searches and seizures in violation of the Fourth Amendment, if they act in "good faith". The bill also limits the protections afforded by the "exclusionary rule" -- a procedural rule which excludes illegally obtained evidence from trial. Thus, H.R. 666 encourages the harassment of law-abiding citizens -- including gun owners -- by removing the incentives for officers to secure a warrant. Even with the Volkmer amendment, which excludes the BATF from receiving expanded search and seizure powers, gun owners can still be at risk from other agencies. A vote against the bill is rated as a "+".

Limiting BATF funding. On July 19, 1995, the House defeated an attempt to limit the BATF budget by a vote of 317-111. The amendment, introduced by Rep. Helen Chenoweth (R-ID), would have sent a strong message to BATF officials that bad conduct should not be rewarded with pay increases. Rep. Chenoweth said her amendment (to H.R. 2020) would prevent "any member of ATF from receiving any bonuses or salary rewards this year until the Waco and Ruby Ridge and other investigations have been concluded". A vote on the Chenoweth amendment is rated as a "+".

Restricting taxpayer funding to anti-gun lobby groups -- First Vote. On August 3, 1995, the House voted to preserve a measure drafted by Rep. Ernest Istook, Jr. (R-OK) that would drastically restrict welfare to lobby organizations. This provision was of great interest to pro-gun groups as it would help "level the playing field" by severely limiting federal dollars to groups that have often lobbied for gun control -- groups like the American Bar Association, the American Association of Retired Persons and many, many others. A vote in favor of the Istook provision, which survived an attempt to strike it from the Labor-HHS Appropriations bill (H.R. 2127) by a vote of 187-232, is rated as a "+".

Restricting taxpayer funding to anti-gun lobby groups -- Second Vote. On November 8, 1995, the House voted to preserve the Istook amendment (see explanation in vote number 4 above) by a slim 216-210 margin. A vote to keep the Istook amendment is rated as a "+".

Restrictions on anti-gun lobby groups -- Third Vote. On March 7, 1996, the House of Representatives, by a narrow vote of 211-209, passed a compromise version of the Istook amendment (see the description of the original Istook provision in vote number 4 above). The Istook compromise only required private groups receiving Federal funds to disclose the amount of each federal grant received and to make a "good faith" estimate of their organization's actual expenditures for lobbying activities. A vote in favor of the Istook amendment is rated a "+".

Pro-gun amendment to terror bill. On March 13, 1996, the House of Representatives voted 246-171 to remove several anti-gun provisions from the House anti-terrorism bill (H.R. 2703). While many harmful problems would still remain in the bill, the amendment introduced by Rep. Bob Barr (R-GA) did remove provisions that would have jeopardized the gun industry. The amendment stripped the bill of provisions that would have terrorized gun owners by severely punishing individuals (as well as gun dealers and manufacturers) for selling a gun to someone they should have known was going to use, or threaten to use, the firearm in a "crime of violence". To punish the seller of a firearm under this standard is clearly ludicrous (unless all sellers are clairvoyant) and is a change in the current law, which requires that the seller "know" the gun will be used in a crime. Moreover, the amendment removed provisions that would have: ordered a taggants study on black and smokeless powder (thus setting the stage for registering ammunition); allowed FBI "fishing expeditions" into one's financial and travel records (without any evidence one had committed a crime); allowed government officials to benefit from illegal wiretaps done in "good faith"; and allowed the government to use secret evidence in court in certain circumstances. A vote in favor of the Barr amendment is rated as a "+".

Protecting the rights of citizens against government abuse. On March 14, 1996, the House rejected an amendment introduced by Rep. Helen Chenoweth (R-ID) by a vote of 135-283. The Chenoweth amendment would have stricken provisions in the terror bill that limited the right of "habeas corpus" -- namely, the ability of prisoners to challenge government abuse. Rep. Chenoweth argued that without her amendment, the habeas restrictions in the bill would limit appeals "where citizens were wrongfully prosecuted for exercising their constitutional right to keep and bear arms." Likewise, Rep. Mel Watt (D-NC) said this section -- in restricting peoples' right to bring habeas corpus appeals -- would prevent appeals which "have been brought by gun owners . . . pro-life protesters . . . [and which] span the whole philosophical gamut of our Constitution." A vote in favor of the Chenoweth amendment is rated as a "+".

Anti-gun terror bill. On March 14, 1996, the House voted 229-191 to pass the anti-terrorism bill (H.R. 2703). Despite passage of the Barr amendment one day earlier, the bill still contained several harmful provisions, including many of the ones which are listed in vote number 11 below. Problems unique to this version included a DeLauro amendment that would have severly punished gun owners for possessing a laser sighting device while committing an infraction as minor as speeding on a federal reservation. (Not only would this provision have stigmatized laser sights, it would have served as a first step to banning these items.) Another extremely harmful provision was the Schumer amendment to "centralize Federal, State and Local police". A vote against the bill is rated a "+".

Repealing the semi-auto ban. On March 22, 1996 the House passed H.R. 125 to repeal the ban on more than 180 types of semi-automatic firearms and the ban on large capacity magazines. The bill passed by a vote of 239-173. A vote in favor of the repeal is rated as a "+".

Anti-gun terror bill -- final passage. On April 18, 1996, the House passed the conference version of the anti-terrorism bill by a vote of 293-133. The final version of the bill (S. 735) contained several problems, including ones that will: order an "anti-hunter" rifle and ammo study; authorize a $40 million pay increase for the BATF (through the Treasury Department); potentially punish gun dealers (and individuals) for selling ammunition to someone they should have known would commit a violent crime; federalize many state crimes, thus tremendously increasing the scope and jurisdiction of the BATF; restrict the right of habeas corpus in such a way as to severely damage the ability of the courts to rescue honest gun owners who are unjustly incarcerated; allow the government to use "secret evidence" against certain individuals (a modified version was reinserted after the Barr amendment struck it from the bill); remove protections against wiretapping wireless data; and require banks to freeze the assets of domestic groups in certain situations. A vote against the bill is rated as a "+".

Guns in public housing. On May 9, 1996, the House rejected the Durbin amendment that sought to prohibit the illegal possession or discharge of firearms in public housing zones. The amendment failed by a 106-318 vote. A vote against the amendment is rated as a "+".

Cutting funds for anti-gun (CDC) research. On July 11, 1996, the House defeated the Lowey amendment which sought to give $2.6 million for anti-gun research to the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. The amendment to restore the NCIPC (which is an agency of the Center for Disease Control) failed by a 158-263 vote. A vote against the amendment is rated as a "+".

Lautenberg "Domestic Confiscation Gun Ban" and Kohl "Gun Free Zones Ban." On September 28, 1996, the House passed two gun bans as part of the omnibus spending budget bill (H.R. 3610). The Lautenberg Domestic Confiscation Gun Ban disarms gun owners for small (misdemeanor) offenses in the home -- "offenses" as slight as spanking a child or grabbing a spouse. This lifetime ban, in certain cases, can even be imposed without a trial by jury. The Kohl Gun Free Zones Ban creates a virtual one-half mile wide "gun free" circle around every American school (or a 1,000 foot zone going in any one direction from any school) -- a zone which even includes home schools. Rep. Steve Stockman (R-TX) warned his colleagues about the hidden dangers in H.R. 3610, and in regard to the Kohl ban, noted that it would "prohibit most persons from carrying unloaded firearms in their automobiles." The House passed the omnibus bill (and the two gun bans which were included in it) by a vote of 370-37. A vote against H.R. 3610 is rated as a "+". (Note: H.R. 3610 was later rolled into a larger bill, H.R. 4278, and sent to the Senate.)

KEY: + Favorable, - Unfavorable, ? Not voting, P Present, O Not then a member.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ---- Alabama 1 CALLAHAN (R-AL) + - + + + + + - ? + - + + - 2 EVERETT (R-AL) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 3 BROWDER (D-AL) + - - - - - + - - + - + + - 4 BEVILL (D-AL) + - - - - ? + - - + - ? + - 5 CRAMER (D-AL) + - - - - - + - - + - + + - 6 BACHUS (R-AL) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 7 HILLIARD (D-AL) + + + - - - - + + + + + + - ---- Alaska YOUNG, DON (R-AK) + - + ? + + + - + + - + + - ---- Arizona 1 SALMON (R-AZ) + - + + + + + - + + - + + + 2 PASTOR (D-AZ) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 3 STUMP (R-AZ) + - + + + + + - + + + + + - 4 SHADEGG (R-AZ) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 5 KOLBE (R-AZ) - + - + + + + - - + - + + - 6 HAYWORTH (R-AZ) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - ---- Arkansas 1 LINCOLN (D-AR) + + - - - - - - - - - + ? ? 2 THORNTON (D-AR) + + - - ? - + - + + - + + - 3 HUTCHINSON (R-AR) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 4 DICKEY (R-AR) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - ---- California 1 RIGGS (R-CA) + - - + + + + - - + - + + - 2 HERGER (R-CA) + - + + + + + - + + + + + - 3 FAZIO (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - - + - - 4 DOOLITTLE (R-CA) + - + + + + + - + + - + + - 5 MATSUI (D-CA) + - - - - - - + + - - - - - 6 WOOLSEY (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 7 MILLER, GEORGE (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - - - - - 8 PELOSI (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 9 DELLUMS (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - ? 10 BAKER, BILL (R-CA) - - + + + + + - + + - + + - 11 POMBO (R-CA) + - + + + + + - + + + + + - 12 LANTOS (D-CA) - + - - - - - + - - - - - - 13 STARK (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + ? + - - - 14 ESHOO (D-CA) - + - - - - - + + - + - - - 15 CAMPBELL (R-CA) O O O O O - + + + - + + - - 15 MINETA (D-CA) + + - - O O O O O O O O O O 16 LOFGREN (D-CA) + + - - - - + + + - + - - - 17 FARR (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 18 CONDIT (D-CA) + - - + - + + - - - - + + - 19 RADANOVICH (R-CA) - - + + + + + - - ? + + + - 20 DOOLEY (D-CA) + - - ? - - - - - - - + + - 21 THOMAS (R-CA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 22 SEASTRAND (R-CA) + - + + + + + - + + - + + - 23 GALLEGLY (R-CA) - - - + + + - - - + - + + - 24 BEILENSON (D-CA) - + - - - - - + + - + - - + 25 MCKEON (R-CA) - - - + + + - - - ? - + + - 26 BERMAN (D-CA) - + - - - - - + + - + - - ? 27 MOORHEAD (R-CA) + - + + + + - - - ? - + + - 28 DREIER (R-CA) - - + + + + + - - ? - + + - 29 WAXMAN (D-CA) + + - - - - ? + + - + - - ? 30 BECERRA (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - + + ? + 31 MARTINEZ (D-CA) + + - - - - ? + + - + + - - 32 DIXON (D-CA) - ? - - - - - + + - - + - - 33 ROYBAL-ALLARD (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - + + - + 34 TORRES (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 35 WATERS (D-CA) + + - - - - + + + ? + + - ? 36 HARMAN (D-CA) + - - - - - + - - - - - - - 37 MILLENDER-MCDONALD (D-CA) O O O O O O O O O O + - - - 37 TUCKER (D-CA) + + - - ? O O O O O O O O O 38 HORN (R-CA) - - ? - - - - - - - - - - - 39 ROYCE (R-CA) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 40 LEWIS, JERRY (R-CA) - - - + + - + - - ? - + + - 41 KIM (R-CA) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 42 BROWN, GEORGE (D-CA) + + - - - - - + + - - + - - 43 CALVERT (R-CA) - - - + + + + + - ? - + + - 44 BONO (R-CA) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 45 ROHRABACHER (R-CA) - - + + + + + - - + - + + + 46 DORNAN, ROBERT (R-CA) - - + + + + + + - + - + + P 47 COX (R-CA) - - + + + + + - - ? - + + + 48 PACKARD (R-CA) - - - + + + - - - + - + + - 49 BILBRAY (R-CA) - - - + + - + - - - - + + - 50 FILNER (D-CA) + + - ? - - - + + - + - - ? 51 CUNNINGHAM (R-CA) - ? - + + + + - - ? - + + - 52 HUNTER (R-CA) + - + + + + - - - + - + + - ---- Colorado 1 SCHROEDER (D-CO) + + - - - - - + + ? + ? - + 2 SKAGGS (D-CO) + + - - - - + + + - + - - - 3 MCINNIS (R-CO) + - + + + + + - + + - + + - 4 ALLARD (R-CO) + - + + + + + - + + - + + - 5 HEFLEY (R-CO) - - + + + + + - - + - + + + 6 SCHAEFER, DAN (R-CO) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - ---- Connecticut 1 KENNELLY (D-CT) - + - - - - - + + - - - - - 2 GEJDENSON (D-CT) + + - - - - - + + - - - - - 3 DELAURO (D-CT) - + - - - - - + + - - - - - 4 SHAYS (R-CT) - - - - - + - - - - - - - - 5 FRANKS, GARY (R-CT) + - - + + + - - - + - + - - 6 JOHNSON, NANCY (R-CT) - - - + - + - - - - - + - - ---- Delaware CASTLE (R-DE) - - - + - - - - - - - + - - ---- Florida 1 SCARBOROUGH (R-FL) + - + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 PETERSON, PETE (D-FL) + - - - ? - - - - + - + - - 3 BROWN, CORRINE (D-FL) ? + - - - - - + + - - + - - 4 FOWLER (R-FL) - - - + + + + - - + - + + ? 5 THURMAN (D-FL) + - - ? - - + + + + - + + - 6 STEARNS (R-FL) + - + + + + - - + + - + + + 7 MICA (R-FL) - - + + + + + - + + - + + - 8 MCCOLLUM (R-FL) - - - + + + - - - + - + + - 9 BILIRAKIS (R-FL) + - - + + + + - - + - + + - 10 YOUNG, BILL (R-FL) - - - + + + + - - - - + ? - 11 GIBBONS (D-FL) - + - - - - - + ? ? - - ? - 12 CANADY (R-FL) - - - - + - - - - + - + + - 13 MILLER, DAN (R-FL) - - - + + + + - - - - + + - 14 GOSS (R-FL) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 15 WELDON, DAVE (R-FL) - - + + + + + - - + + + + - 16 FOLEY (R-FL) + - - + + + + - - + - + + - 17 MEEK (D-FL) + + - - - - - + ? - + + - - 18 ROS-LEHTINEN (R-FL) - - - + + + - - - - - + + - 19 JOHNSTON, HARRY (D-FL) - + - - - - - + + ? + - - - 20 DEUTSCH (D-FL) - - - - - - - - - - - + - - 21 DIAZ-BALART (R-FL) - - - + + + - - - + - + + - 22 SHAW (R-FL) - - - + + + + - - ? - + + - 23 HASTINGS, ALCEE (D-FL) + + - - - - - + + - - + - - ---- Georgia 1 KINGSTON (R-GA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 2 BISHOP (D-GA) + + - - - - + + - + - + + - 3 COLLINS (R-GA) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 4 LINDER (R-GA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 5 LEWIS, JOHN (D-GA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 6 GINGRICH (R-GA) O O O + + + O O - O - O O - 7 BARR (R-GA) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 8 CHAMBLISS (R-GA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 9 DEAL (D-GA) - - O O O O O O O O O O O O 9 DEAL (R-GA) O O - + + + + - - + - + + - 10 NORWOOD (R-GA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 11 MCKINNEY (D-GA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - ---- Hawaii 1 ABERCROMBIE (D-HI) - + - - - - + + + - + - + - 2 MINK (D-HI) + + - - - - - + + - - + - - ---- Idaho 1 CHENOWETH (R-ID) + + + ? + + ? + + + + + + + 2 CRAPO (R-ID) + + + + + + + + + + + + + - ---- Illinois 1 RUSH (D-IL) P + - - - - ? + + - + + - - 2 JACKSON (D-IL) O O O O O - - + + - + + - - 2 REYNOLDS (D-IL) P + ? ? O O O O O O O O O O 3 LIPINSKI (D-IL) + - - - - - - - - - - + + ? 4 GUTIERREZ (D-IL) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 5 FLANAGAN (R-IL) - - - + + + - - - + - + + - 6 HYDE (R-IL) - - - + + + - - - - - + + + 7 COLLINS, CARDISS (D-IL) P + - - - - ? ? ? ? + + - - 8 CRANE (R-IL) + - ? + + + + - + + + + + - 9 YATES (D-IL) - + - - - - - + + - + - - - 10 PORTER (R-IL) - - - + + + - - - - - - - - 11 WELLER (R-IL) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 12 COSTELLO (D-IL) + - - - - - + - + + - + + - 13 FAWELL (R-IL) - - - + + + - - - - - - - - 14 HASTERT (R-IL) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 15 EWING (R-IL) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 16 MANZULLO (R-IL) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 17 EVANS (D-IL) + + - - - - + + + - + - - - 18 LAHOOD (R-IL) + - + - + - + - + + + + + - 19 POSHARD (D-IL) + + - - - - + - + + - + + - 20 DURBIN (D-IL) + + - - - ? - ? ? - - - - ? ---- Indiana 1 VISCLOSKY (D-IN) + + - - - - - + + - + + - - 2 MCINTOSH (R-IN) + - + + + + + - + + - + + - 3 ROEMER (D-IN) + - - - - - + - - - - + - - 4 SOUDER (R-IN) + - + + + + + - + + + + + - 5 BUYER (R-IN) - - + + + + - - - + - + + - 6 BURTON (R-IN) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 7 MYERS (R-IN) + - + + + ? + - - ? + + + ? 8 HOSTETTLER (R-IN) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 9 HAMILTON (D-IN) + + + - - - + - - + - + + - 10 JACOBS (D-IN) + - - - - - + + + - + + - + ---- Iowa 1 LEACH (R-IA) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 NUSSLE (R-IA) - - + + + + - - - + - + + - 3 LIGHTFOOT (R-IA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 4 GANSKE (R-IA) - - - + + + - - - - - + - - 5 LATHAM (R-IA) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - ---- Kansas 1 ROBERTS, PAT (R-KS) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 2 BROWNBACK (R-KS) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 3 MEYERS (R-KS) - - - + + - - - - - - + - - 4 TIAHRT (R-KS) + - + + + + + - - + - + + + ---- Kentucky 1 WHITFIELD (R-KY) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 2 LEWIS, RONALD (R-KY) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 3 WARD (D-KY) - + - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 BUNNING (R-KY) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 5 ROGERS (R-KY) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 6 BAESLER (D-KY) - - - - - - - - - - - + + - ---- Louisiana 1 LIVINGSTON (R-LA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 2 JEFFERSON (D-LA) + + - - - - + + + - - + - - 3 TAUZIN (D-LA) + - - + O O O O O O O O O O 3 TAUZIN (R-LA) O O O O + + + - - + - + + - 4 FIELDS, CLEO (D-LA) + + - - ? - - + + - + - - - 5 MCCRERY (R-LA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 6 BAKER (R-LA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + ? 7 HAYES (R-LA) O O O O O ? + - - + ? + + ? 7 HAYES, JAMES A. (D-LA) + - - + + O O O O O O O O O ---- Maine 1 LONGLEY (R-ME) - - - + + + + - - + - + ? - 2 BALDACCI (D-ME) + + - - - - + + - + - - - - ---- Maryland 1 GILCHREST (R-MD) - - - - + - - - - - - + - - 2 EHRLICH (R-MD) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 3 CARDIN (D-MD) - + - - - - - - + - - - - ? 4 WYNN (D-MD) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 5 HOYER (D-MD) - + - - - - - - + - - + - - 6 BARTLETT (R-MD) + - + + + + + - + + - + + - 7 CUMMINGS (D-MD) O O O O O O O O O O O - - - 7 MFUME (D-MD) - + - - - O O O O O O O O O 8 MORELLA (R-MD) - - - - - - - - + - - - - - ---- Massachusetts 1 OLVER (D-MA) + + - - - - - + + - + - + - 2 NEAL (D-MA) - + - - - - - - + - - - - - 3 BLUTE (R-MA) - - - + + - - - - - - + - - 4 FRANK, BARNEY (D-MA) - - - - - - - + + - + + - ? 5 MEEHAN (D-MA) + + - - - - - + + - - - - - 6 TORKILDSEN (R-MA) - - - - - - - - - - - + - - 7 MARKEY (D-MA) - + - - - - - + + - + - - - 8 KENNEDY, JOSEPH (D-MA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 9 MOAKLEY (D-MA) + + ? ? - - ? ? ? ? - - - - 10 STUDDS (D-MA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - ---- Michigan 1 STUPAK (D-MI) + - - - - - - + - + - + + - 2 HOEKSTRA (R-MI) - - - + + + + - + + + + + + 3 EHLERS (R-MI) - - - + + - + - + + - + + - 4 CAMP (R-MI) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 5 BARCIA (D-MI) + - - - - - + - + + + + + + 6 UPTON (R-MI) - - + + - + + - - + - + - - 7 SMITH, NICK (R-MI) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 8 CHRYSLER (R-MI) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 9 KILDEE (D-MI) + + - - - - - + + - + + + - 10 BONIOR (D-MI) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 11 KNOLLENBERG (R-MI) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 12 LEVIN, SANDER (D-MI) + + - - - - - + + - - - - - 13 RIVERS (D-MI) - + - - - - + + + - + - - - 14 CONYERS (D-MI) + + - - - - - + + - + - - ? 15 COLLINS, BARBARA (D-MI) + + ? - - ? - + + - + + - ? 16 DINGELL (D-MI) + + - - - - + - + + - + + - ---- Minnesota 1 GUTKNECHT (R-MN) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 2 MINGE (D-MN) + + - - - - + + + - + + + - 3 RAMSTAD (R-MN) - - - + ? - + - - - - + + - 4 VENTO (D-MN) + + - - - - - + + - - + ? - 5 SABO (D-MN) + + - - - - - + + - + + - - 6 LUTHER (D-MN) - - - - - - - + - - - - - - 7 PETERSON, COLLIN (D-MN) + - - + - - + - + + + + + - 8 OBERSTAR (D-MN) + + - - - - + + + + + + ? - ---- Mississippi 1 WICKER (R-MS) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 2 THOMPSON (D-MS) + + - - - - - + + - ? + + - 3 MONTGOMERY (D-MS) + - - + - + + - - + - + + - 4 PARKER (R-MS) O O O O O + + - - + - + + - 4 PARKER (D-MS) + - - + + O O O O O O O O O 5 TAYLOR, GENE (D-MS) + - - + - + + - - + - + + - ---- Missouri 1 CLAY (D-MO) + + - - - ? - + + ? + + - - 2 TALENT (R-MO) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 3 GEPHARDT (D-MO) + + - - - - - + + - - + - - 4 SKELTON (D-MO) + - + - - - + - - + - + + - 5 MCCARTHY, KAREN (D-MO) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 6 DANNER (D-MO) + - - - - - + - - + - + + - 7 HANCOCK (R-MO) + - + + + + + - - + + + ? ? 8 EMERSON (R-MO) + - + + + + + - - + - + O O 9 VOLKMER (D-MO) + - + ? - - + - - + - + + - ---- Montana WILLIAMS, PAT (D-MT) + + - ? - - + + + + + + + - ---- Nebraska 1 BEREUTER (R-NE) - - - ? + + - - - - - + + - 2 CHRISTENSEN (R-NE) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 3 BARRETT, BILL (R-NE) - - - + + + - - - + - + + - ---- Nevada 1 ENSIGN (R-NV) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 2 VUCANOVICH (R-NV) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - ---- New Hampshire 1 ZELIFF (R-NH) - - - + + + + - + + + + + - 2 BASS (R-NH) + - - + + + + - + + + + + - ---- New Jersey 1 ANDREWS (D-NJ) - - - ? - - - - - - - - - - 2 LOBIONDO (R-NJ) - - - + + - + - - + - + + - 3 SAXTON (R-NJ) - - - + + - + - - - - + + - 4 SMITH, CHRISTOPHER (R-NJ) - - - + + + + - - - - + + - 5 ROUKEMA (R-NJ) - - - + - - - - - - - + - - 6 PALLONE (D-NJ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 FRANKS, BOB (R-NJ) - - - + + - - ? - - - + - - 8 MARTINI (R-NJ) - - - + + + - - - - - - - - 9 TORRICELLI (D-NJ) - + - - - - - - - - - ? - - 10 PAYNE (D-NJ) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 11 FRELINGHUYSEN (R-NJ) - - - + + - - - - - - + - - 12 ZIMMER (R-NJ) - - - + + + - - - - - - - - 13 MENENDEZ (D-NJ) + + - - - - - ? ? - - - - ? ---- New Mexico 1 SCHIFF (R-NM) - - - + - - - + - + - + - - 2 SKEEN (R-NM) - - - + + + + - + + + + + - 3 RICHARDSON (D-NM) + + - - - - + - + + - + + - ---- New York 1 FORBES (R-NY) + - - + + + + - - + - + + - 2 LAZIO (R-NY) - - - + + + - - - - - + - - 3 KING (R-NY) - - - + + + + - + - + + - - 4 FRISA (R-NY) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 5 ACKERMAN (D-NY) + + - - - - - + + - - - - - 6 FLAKE (D-NY) ? + - - - - - + + - + - - ? 7 MANTON (D-NY) - - - ? - - - - - - - - - - 8 NADLER (D-NY) + + - - - - - + + - - - - + 9 SCHUMER (D-NY) - + - - - - - - + - - - - - 10 TOWNS (D-NY) + + - ? ? - - + + - + - - - 11 OWENS (D-NY) - + - - - - - + + - + - - - 12 VELAZQUEZ (D-NY) + + - - - - - + + - + + - - 13 MOLINARI (R-NY) - - - + + + - - - - - ? - - 14 MALONEY, CAROLYN (D-NY) - + - - - - - + + - - - - - 15 RANGEL (D-NY) + + - - - - - + + - + + - - 16 SERRANO (D-NY) + + - - - - - + + - + + - - 17 ENGEL (D-NY) + + - - - - - + + - - - - - 18 LOWEY (D-NY) - + - - - - - + + - - - - - 19 KELLY (R-NY) + - + + - + + - - + - + + - 20 GILMAN (R-NY) + - - + - - - - - + - + - - 21 MCNULTY (D-NY) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 SOLOMON (R-NY) ? - + + + + + - - + - + + - 23 BOEHLERT (R-NY) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24 MCHUGH (R-NY) + - - + + + + - - + - + + - 25 WALSH (R-NY) + - - + + - + - + + + + + - 26 HINCHEY (D-NY) + + - - - - + + + + + - + - 27 PAXON (R-NY) - - + + + + + - - + - ? + - 28 SLAUGHTER (D-NY) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 29 LAFALCE (D-NY) - + - - - - - + + - + - - ? 30 QUINN (R-NY) - - - + + - - - - - - - - - 31 HOUGHTON (R-NY) - - - - - - - - - - - ? - - ---- North Carolina 1 CLAYTON (D-NC) + + - - - - - + + - + + - - 2 FUNDERBURK (R-NC) + - + + + + + - + + + + + - 3 JONES (R-NC) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 4 HEINEMAN (R-NC) - - - + + + - - - + - + + ? 5 BURR (R-NC) - - + + + + + - + + + + + + 6 COBLE (R-NC) - - + + + + + - - + - + + + 7 ROSE (D-NC) + + - - - - - + + + ? - + - 8 HEFNER (D-NC) + + - - - - + - + + - + + - 9 MYRICK (R-NC) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 10 BALLENGER (R-NC) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 11 TAYLOR, CHARLES (R-NC) - + + + + + + - - + - + + ? 12 WATT, MELVIN (D-NC) + + - - - - + + + - + + - - ---- North Dakota POMEROY (D-ND) + - - - - - + + - - - + + - ---- Ohio 1 CHABOT (R-OH) - - + + + + + - - + - + + + 2 PORTMAN (R-OH) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 3 HALL, TONY (D-OH) + + - - - - - + ? - - - ? - 4 OXLEY (R-OH) - - - + + + - - - + - + + - 5 GILLMOR (R-OH) - - - + + + + - + + - + + - 6 CREMEANS (R-OH) + - - + + + + ? + + - + + - 7 HOBSON (R-OH) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 8 BOEHNER (R-OH) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 9 KAPTUR (D-OH) - + - - - - - + + - + - - + 10 HOKE (R-OH) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 11 STOKES (D-OH) + + - - - ? ? ? ? ? + - - - 12 KASICH (R-OH) - - - + + + + - - - - + + - 13 BROWN, SHERROD (D-OH) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 14 SAWYER (D-OH) - + - - - - - + + - - - - - 15 PRYCE, DEBORAH (R-OH) - - - + + + + - - - - + - - 16 REGULA (R-OH) - - - + + + - - - + - - + - 17 TRAFICANT (D-OH) + - + - - - + - - - - + + - 18 NEY (R-OH) + - + + + + + - + + + + + - 19 LATOURETTE (R-OH) - - - - + + + - + + - - + - ---- Oklahoma 1 LARGENT (R-OK) - - + + + + + - - + - + + + 2 COBURN (R-OK) + - + + + + + ? - + - + + + 3 BREWSTER (D-OK) + - - + - + + - - + - + + - 4 WATTS, J.C. (R-OK) - + + + + + + ? - + - + + - 5 ISTOOK (R-OK) + - - + + + + - - + - + + + 6 LUCAS (R-OK) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - ---- Oregon 1 FURSE (D-OR) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 2 COOLEY (R-OR) + - + + + + + + + + + + + + 3 BLUMENAUER (D-OR) O O O O O O O O O O O O - ? 3 WYDEN (D-OR) - - - - - O O O O O O O O O 4 DEFAZIO (D-OR) + + - - - - - + + - + + + + 5 BUNN (R-OR) + - + + + - + - + + + + + - ---- Pennsylvania 1 FOGLIETTA (D-PA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 2 FATTAH (D-PA) + + - - - - - + + - + - ? - 3 BORSKI (D-PA) + - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 KLINK (D-PA) + - - - - - + - + + - + + + 5 CLINGER (R-PA) - - - + + - - - - + - + + - 6 HOLDEN (D-PA) + - - ? - - + - - + - + + - 7 WELDON, CURT (R-PA) - - - + ? + - - - + - ? - - 8 GREENWOOD (R-PA) - - - + - - - - - - - + - - 9 SHUSTER (R-PA) + - - + + + + - - + - + + - 10 MCDADE (R-PA) - - - ? + + + - - - - + ? - 11 KANJORSKI (D-PA) + - - - - - + - + + - + + + 12 MURTHA (D-PA) + - - - - - + - + + - + + - 13 FOX (R-PA) - - - + + - - - - - - + - - 14 COYNE (D-PA) - + - - - - - + + - + - - - 15 MCHALE (D-PA) - - - - - - - - - - - + - - 16 WALKER (R-PA) - - - + + + - - - + - + + - 17 GEKAS (R-PA) - ? - + - + + - - + - + + - 18 DOYLE (D-PA) + - - - - - + - - - - + + - 19 GOODLING (R-PA) - - - + + + - - + + - + + - 20 MASCARA (D-PA) + - - - - - + - - + - + + - 21 ENGLISH (R-PA) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - ---- Rhode Island 1 KENNEDY, PATRICK (D-RI) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 2 REED (D-RI) + + - - - - - + - - - - - - ---- South Carolina 1 SANFORD (R-SC) - - - + + + + - + + + + + + 2 SPENCE (R-SC) + - - + + + + - - + - + + - 3 GRAHAM (R-SC) + - - + + + + - + + + + + - 4 INGLIS (R-SC) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 5 SPRATT (D-SC) + - - - - - + - - - - + - - 6 CLYBURN (D-SC) + + - - - - - + + - - + + - ---- South Dakota JOHNSON, TIMOTHY P. (D-SD) - - - - - ? + - - + - + + - ---- Tennessee 1 QUILLEN (R-TN) + - + + + + + - ? + - + + ? 2 DUNCAN, JR. (R-TN) + - + + + + ? - - + + + + + 3 WAMP (R-TN) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 4 HILLEARY (R-TN) - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 5 CLEMENT (D-TN) + - - - - - + - - + - + - - 6 GORDON (D-TN) + - - - - - + - + + - + + - 7 BRYANT (R-TN) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 8 TANNER (D-TN) + - - + - + + - - + ? + + - 9 FORD, HAROLD (D-TN) - + - - - - - + + - + - - - ---- Texas 1 CHAPMAN (D-TX) + - - - - ? ? ? ? + - + + - 2 WILSON, CHARLES (D-TX) + - - - - - ? ? - + + + + - 3 JOHNSON, SAM (R-TX) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 4 HALL, RALPH (D-TX) + - + + - + + - - + - + + + 5 BRYANT, JOHN (D-TX) + + ? - - ? ? + + - + - - - 6 BARTON (R-TX) - - + + + + + + - + - + + + 7 ARCHER (R-TX) - - - + + + + ? - + - + + - 8 FIELDS, JACK (R-TX) + - - + + + + - - + ? + + - 9 STOCKMAN (R-TX) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 10 DOGGETT (D-TX) - + - - - - - + + - + - - - 11 EDWARDS (D-TX) + - - - - - + - - - - + + - 12 GEREN (D-TX) + - - + - + + - - + - + + - 13 THORNBERRY (R-TX) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 14 LAUGHLIN (R-TX) O O + + + + ? - - + - ? + - 14 LAUGHLIN (D-TX) + - O O O O O O O O O O O O 15 DE LA GARZA (D-TX) + - - - - ? ? ? ? + - + + - 16 COLEMAN, RONALD (D-TX) + + - - - - + + + - ? - + + 17 STENHOLM (D-TX) + - + + - + + - - + - + + - 18 JACKSON-LEE (D-TX) + + - - - - - + + - ? - - - 19 COMBEST (R-TX) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 20 GONZALEZ (D-TX) + + - - - - - + + - - + + - 21 SMITH, LAMAR (R-TX) - - - + + + + - - + - ? + - 22 DELAY (R-TX) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 23 BONILLA (R-TX) - - + + + + + + + + + + + - 24 FROST (D-TX) ? + - - - - + - - + - + - - 25 BENTSEN (D-TX) - - - - - - + - + - - + - - 26 ARMEY (R-TX) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 27 ORTIZ (D-TX) + - - + - - + - - + - + + - 28 TEJEDA (D-TX) + - - + - - + - - + - + + - 29 GREEN (D-TX) + - - - - ? + - + + - + + ? 30 JOHNSON, EDDIE (D-TX) + + - - - - - + + - - - - - ---- Utah 1 HANSEN (R-UT) - - + + + + + - - + - + + - 2 GREENE (R-UT) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 3 ORTON (D-UT) + - - - - - + - - + - + + - ---- Vermont SANDERS (I-VT) + + - - - - + + + - + + + - ---- Virginia 1 BATEMAN (R-VA) - - - ? + + + - - - - + + - 2 PICKETT (D-VA) + + - + - - - - + + - + + - 3 SCOTT (D-VA) + + - - - - - + + - + + + - 4 SISISKY (D-VA) + - - + - - ? - - + - + + - 5 PAYNE, LEWIS (D-VA) + - - - - - + - - + - + + - 6 GOODLATTE (R-VA) - - - + + + + - - + - + + - 7 BLILEY (R-VA) + - - + + + + - - + - + + - 8 MORAN, JIM (D-VA) - - - - - - - - + - - - - - 9 BOUCHER (D-VA) + + - - - - + + + + - + + ? 10 WOLF (R-VA) - - - + + + - - - + - + - - 11 DAVIS, THOMAS (R-VA) - - - + + + + - - - - - - - ---- Washington 1 WHITE (R-WA) - - - + + + + - - + - + - - 2 METCALF (R-WA) + + + + + + + - - + + + + - 3 SMITH, LINDA (R-WA) + - - + + + + + + + - + + - 4 HASTINGS, RICHARD (R-WA) ? - + + + + + - + + + + + - 5 NETHERCUTT (R-WA) - - - + + + + - + + + + + - 6 DICKS (D-WA) + - - - - - - + + - - - - - 7 MCDERMOTT (D-WA) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 8 DUNN (R-WA) + - - + + + - - - + - - ? - 9 TATE (R-WA) + - + + + + + - + + + + + - ---- West Virginia 1 MOLLOHAN (D-WV) + + - - - - + + + + + + + - 2 WISE (D-WV) + - - - - - + + + + + + + - 3 RAHALL (D-WV) + - - - - - + + + + + + + - ---- Wisconsin 1 NEUMANN (R-WI) - - + + + + + - + + + - + + 2 KLUG (R-WI) + - - + + - + - - - - + + + 3 GUNDERSON (R-WI) - - - + - + - - - + - + + - 4 KLECZKA (D-WI) - + - - - - - + + - - + - - 5 BARRETT, THOMAS (D-WI) + + - - - - - + + - + - - - 6 PETRI (R-WI) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 7 OBEY (D-WI) + + - - - - + + + + + + + - 8 ROTH, TOBY (R-WI) + - + + + + + - - + - + + - 9 SENSENBRENNER (R-WI) - - + + + + + - - + - + + + ---- Wyoming CUBIN (R-WY) + - + + + + + - + + + + + -

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